Indonesian protesters chant slogans during an anti-World Trade Organisation rally in Hong Kong yesterday. Riot police rounded up the last of hundreds of anti-globalisation protesters after violent clashes. - REUTERS
HONG KONG, (Reuters):
MINISTERS FROM 149 states saved long-running global trade talks from collapse yesterday with an interim deal to end farm export subsidies by 2013 and open rich country markets a bit wider to the poorest nations.
Ministers expressed relief they had averted a repeat of failed World Trade Organisation (WTO) conferences in Seattle in 1999 and in Cancun in 2003.
But they described the Hong Kong pact as disappointing and said it would be tough to wrap up the four-year-old talks by the end of 2006, after which United States President George W. Bush may lose his Congressional authority to negotiate trade deals.
In an apparent reference to the European Union's refusal to open its long-protected agricultural markets any further, U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman said a breakthrough in cutting farm tariffs was badly needed to reach a deal by the end of 2006.
"Without that we won't be able to see the whole round come together," Portman told Reuters in an interview.
EU Trade Commissioner, Peter Mandelson, said: "In a week of disappointments, (the Hong Kong pact) is no small prize. It is not enough to make this meeting a true success. But it is enough to save it from failure."
The agreement was struck after six round-the-clock days of fractious talks between ministers and a string of anti-globalisation protests that erupted into vicious street battles outside their harbour-side convention centre.
WTO Director-General, Pascal Lamy, told the weary ministers they had injected new impetus into the Doha round, a so-far hapless drive to boost global economic growth and lift millions out of poverty by bringing down barriers to trade.
"What you all take back from Hong Kong is a new political energy, a potent fuel to reach cruising speed during 2006," he said. "Seattle was about shrinking the WTO. Cancun was about sinking the WTO. Hong Kong was about rethinking the WTO."
COMPROMISES
The agreement, a series of compromises, fell well short of more ambitious plans the WTO originally had for Hong Kong.
It proposed April 30, 2006, as a deadline for reaching a draft for the Doha round, a milestone the organisation had originally hoped to reach in Hong Kong.
But Lamy said the "modest" package of market-opening steps agreed on yesterday meant negotiators had at least taken the round from 55 per cent of the way to completion to 60 percent.
Big-hitters among developing nations, led by Brazil and India, gave their nod to the draft but voiced frustration over the EU's refusal to agree on 2010 as a cut-off date for export subsidies.
The agreement will bring the elimination of export subsidies for cotton in 2006. Washington also proposed quickening the pace at which it dismantles subsidies enjoyed by U.S. cotton producers that African nations say are ruining their economies.
The accord fell short of U.S. and European hopes for greater access to poor nations' markets for manufactured goods.
But developing nations felt they were the ones short-changed.
"There is a general feeling of frustration and dissatisfaction, not to mention discontent," said Mauritian Trade Minister Madan Murlidhar Dulloo.
Non-governmental organisations also branded the Hong Kong talks another victory for protectionist wealthy nations.
"This is a profoundly disappointing text and a betrayal of development promises by rich countries whose interests have prevailed yet again," relief agency Oxfam said in a statement.
One key element of Sunday's deal - duty-free and quota-free access for imports from the 49 poorest nations of the world - was watered down because of U.S. and Japanese reluctance to accept unbridled trade in goods such as textiles and rice.
"It's a shame the richest countries in the WTO outside Europe could not go the extra mile for the world's poorest countries," Mandelson said of the compromise, under which 3 per cent - or 250-300 tariff lines - would be exempted.
The sigh of relief inside the conference centre was echoed on the streets of Hong Kong as thousands of demonstrators marched peacefully to protest against the world trade talks.
The mostly good-natured demonstration was in stark contrast to Saturday's pitched battles between protesters and riot police, the worst street violence in the city in decades.
"It is a pact that remains in favour of the farm export policies of the rich countries and big emerging countries ... and does little for the majority of farmers," said French farmer and prominent anti-globalisation campaigner Jose Bove.
