Balvin Thorpe | Machine learning, AI and their implications for engineering sector

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies has the potential to transform the Jamaican engineering sector. From infrastructure development and energy systems to manufacturing and agriculture, these technologies promise to enhance efficiency, improve decision-making, and drive innovation.

However, while the benefits of AI and ML are evident, significant risks could pose challenges to the sector’s development. The engineering sector in Jamaica must approach the adoption of AI and ML with a strategic perspective, identifying potential threats while leveraging the opportunities these technologies offer.

PROMISE AND POTENTIAL

In civil engineering, AI models can optimize project planning, resource management, and risk assessment, improving construction times and reducing costs. In energy systems, ML can enhance power distribution and minimize waste, a key focus for Jamaica’s sustainable energy goals. AI in manufacturing can boost automation, product quality, and supply chain efficiency.

Jamaica’s engineering sector can benefit from AI in predictive maintenance, smart grids, and data-driven infrastructure design. As the nation modernizes its infrastructure and energy systems, AI and ML can help ensure that these systems are efficient and sustainable. However, to realize their full potential, careful consideration must be given to the risks, vulnerabilities, and ethical concerns associated with the integration of AI into engineering systems. These issues must be proactively addressed by industry leaders and policymakers.

DATA PRIVACY AND SECURITY RISKS

A key challenge in implementing AI and ML in engineering systems is data privacy and security. AI systems, especially in critical infrastructure like utilities and transportation, require large datasets, which may include sensitive information about citizens, infrastructure, and businesses. A security breach could lead to identity theft, financial loss, or damage to infrastructure.

Jamaica’s engineering sector is vulnerable to cybersecurity threats due to its reliance on digital and connected systems. AI integration in power grids, water supply networks, and transportation makes them prime targets for cyberattacks. A cyberattack on an AI-powered energy grid, for instance, could disrupt power distribution, leading to blackouts and national economic losses.

The Jamaican government has taken steps to lessen these risks by implementing the Data Protection Act and creating the National Artificial Intelligence Taskforce. However, further investments through public/private partnerships are needed to combat these risks. Regulatory frameworks must be put in place to ensure that engineering firms adhere to strict security protocols, especially those handling sensitive data.

ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI

As AI and ML shape engineering decision-making, ethical considerations are crucial. AI systems are influenced by the data they are trained on. In engineering, biased data can lead to harmful decisions, such as flawed infrastructure design or poor traffic management. In Jamaica, AI may perpetuate historical biases, favouring certain regions while neglecting marginalized communities.

To address this, engineering firms must incorporate ethical considerations into AI design. This can be achieved by fostering diverse teams, ensuring transparency in AI decisions, and conducting regular audits. Additionally, Jamaican academic institutions should prioritize research in AI ethics to prepare future engineers to develop equitable systems.

JOB DISPLACEMENT AND WORKFORCE ADAPTATION

As AI and automation become more integrated into the engineering sector, concerns about job displacement are growing. Tasks like data analysis, project management, and construction are increasingly automated, which may lead to job losses, especially in low-skilled roles and among workers lacking the skills to work with AI systems.

In Jamaica, many engineering-related jobs are found in construction, manufacturing, and transportation. As automation expands, workers will need to reskill for new roles. However, a significant skills gap may arise, as many lack the expertise to transition into AI-related fields.

To address this, the government and educational institutions must invest in workforce development. Universities and technical schools should introduce AI-focused curricula, while businesses should partner with these institutions to offer employee training, ensuring the sector adapts to an AI-driven future.

REGULATION AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT

The government plays a crucial role in managing the risks associated with AI and ML in the engineering sector. As AI technologies continue to advance, the government needs to implement policies that regulate their use. These policies should focus on ensuring transparency, accountability, and fairness in AI decision-making processes. They should also address the potential risks of bias, discrimination, and unintended consequences.

In addition to regulating AI’s use, the government should encourage collaboration between academia, industry, and government agencies to establish ethical guidelines for AI deployment in engineering systems. By creating a comprehensive regulatory framework, the government can ensure that AI technologies benefit the engineering sector while safeguarding the public’s interests.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are not just emerging tools; they are essential to the future of engineering in Jamaica. While challenges such as data security, ethics, and workforce changes must be addressed, they should not overshadow the transformative role that these technologies can play in advancing infrastructure, sustainability, and innovation.

Jamaica must shift from passive adoption to active development of AI solutions tailored to local needs. Universities in Jamaica that offer engineering training must lead in producing engineers who create, rather than just use, AI systems relevant to our region.

Balvin Thorpe, PhD, is the president-elect of the Jamaica Institution of Engineers and vice dean of Faculty of Engineering and Computing, University of Technology, Jamaica. Send feedback to columns@gleanerjm.com